• ATP as a transmitter can

  2021-12-22

  

  ATP as a transmitter can be released from injured Firefly Luciferase mRNA and sensory nerve endings (Sperlágh et al., 1995, Sperlágh et al., 1997, Sperlágh et al., 1998, Burnstock, 2013, Burnstock, 2014). ATP can activate the P2X3 receptor in the DRG neurons (Gao et al., 2011a; Xu et al., 2012). In

• Several studies have shown that the levels of reactive dicar

  2021-12-22

  

  Several studies have shown that the levels of reactive dicarbonyls are higher in patients with diabetes as a result of hyperglycemia.49, 50, 51 Consequently, reactive dicarbonyl-derived AGEs are elevated in plasma and accumulate in tissues prone to secondary complications, including the lens, retina

• br Acknowledgments We would like to acknowledge Jenna Hall M

  2021-12-22

  

  Acknowledgments We would like to acknowledge Jenna Hall, Marita Rivir, Kathleen Smith, Joyce Sorrell, and Emily Yates for assistance with in vivo pharmacology studies. We would like to acknowledge Joe Chabenne and Steph Mowery for assistance with in vitro cell-based assays, and Patrick J. Knerr f

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2021-12-22

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Ghrelin is required for maintenance of glucose homeostasis under fasting conditions, and GHSR-null mice have low fasting blood glucose levels [5], [9]. In this study, we found that restoration of GHSR in nodose ganglion neurons rescued low fasting bl

• Chitosan CS a deacetylated derivative of chitin

  2021-12-22

  

  Chitosan (CS), a deacetylated derivative of chitin, was chosen in this study due to its unique biological characteristics including biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and antimicrobial properties (Klossner, Queen, Coughlin, & Krause, 2008; Kong, Chen, Xing, & Park, 2010; Ravi Kumar, 2

• Colorectal cancer CRC is the

  2021-12-22

  

  Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and the second in women worldwide and almost 55% of the cases occur in more developed areas of the world. In the 2012, more than 1.3 million new cases were reported, which accounts for about 10% of the total cancers worldwide (GLOBOCAN,

• br FREE FATTY ACID RECEPTOR GPR br G PROTEIN COUPLED

  2021-12-22

  

  FREE FATTY ACID RECEPTOR 1 (GPR40) G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR 120 CONCLUSION Free fatty AICAR phosphate receptor receptors whose natural ligands are identified as FFAs having various lengths have been reported. They act as novel nutrient sensing receptors independent of PPARs and FABPs, an

• Now we turn to the other channel

  2021-12-21

  

  Now we turn to the other channel through which the risk-taking incentives provided by option compensation affect corporate debt maturity. Jensen and Meckling (1976) argue that the payoff structure of debt holders in a levered firm is concave, while that of equity holders is convex, thus, shareholder

• One of pathogenesis of COPD

  2021-12-21

  

  One of pathogenesis of COPD is oxidant/antioxidant imbalance. Indeed, it is well known that chronic tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for the development of COPD, and a defect in the detoxification of reactive species produced by cigarette smoke may predispose smokers to airflow obstruction and

• Likewise and considering the aforementioned biological actio

  2021-12-21

  

  Likewise, and considering the aforementioned biological actions of ketogenic diet-derived MCFA on neuronal excitability, it could be postulated that specific receptors for fatty acids could also be involved. For example, the GPCR for medium to long chain fatty acids, FFA1/GPR40, might also contribut

• Several studies have sought a cross relationship between com

  2021-12-21

  

  Several studies have sought a cross-relationship between commensal bacteria-derived metabolites and the Gprs (Blad et al., 2012). Gpr81 is expressed primarily in adipocytes, and hence, lactate-Gpr81 interaction inhibits lipolysis (Cai et al., 2008, Liu et al., 2009). Lactate reduced inflammation by

• br Conclusion and future perspectives

  2021-12-21

  

  Conclusion and future perspectives The nicotinic 5-Methoxy-CTP receptor GPR109A and its close relatives GPR109B and GPR81 are primarily expressed in adipocytes and are coupled to Gi-type G proteins. Recently, the ketone body β-hydroxy-butyrate, the β-oxidation intermediate 3-hydroxy octanoic aci

• A oligomers increased ubiquitination of GLT in

  2021-12-21

  

  Aβ1-42 oligomers increased ubiquitination of GLT-1 in astrocytes. Previous studies found that astrocytic GLT-1 is internalized from the cell surface by ubiquitination of lysines located in the cytoplasmic C-terminus of the transporter (Gonzalez-Gonzalez et al., 2008, Martinez-Villarreal et al., 2012

• Elacridar br Sodium glucose co transporter inhibitors SGLT i

  2021-12-21

  

  Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are the latest class of non-insulin glucose-lowering agents that facilitate glycaemic control by inhibiting renal glucose reabsorption, thus promoting glycosuria. Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin are the three commonly used agents

• Seizures in turn selectively modulate the

  2021-12-21

  

  Seizures, in turn, selectively modulate the dofetilide of GalR in the hippocampus. Thus, pilocarpine-induced SE led to a 30% downregulation of GalR2 without affecting GalR1 (personal communication with T. Bartfai, Scripps Research Institute). Therefore, despite the fact that GalR2 could have been a

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